Cuases and Effects of Global Warming on World Economy Essay Example

Cuases and Effects of Global Warming on World Economy Paper As one of the urgent issues of human existence during the coming 50 years, global warming has become a widespread concern among the world community. Global warming can be defined as the abnormal increase of the average temperature on the surface of the earth. According to statistics, average temperatures have been increased by 1. 4 degrees Fahrenheit (0. 8 degree Celsius) around the world since 1 880 (National Geographic News, 2007). This easy will outline the causes and illustrate the effects on economies around the world with a series of evidence and data. To begin with, two main causes of the climate change will be outlined, which are leveled to be the result from natural phenomenon, and human activities. Some of the natural phenomenon, such as solar radiation and the cyclical change in the atmosphere of the earth, have significantly caused the climate change. Since the solar energy is the basic source of the earth climate system, it is believed that the sudden change of solar radiation output attributable to solar activities such as sunspot and solar storm, may affects global climate in a short period (Natural Causes of Global Warming, 2010). In another aspect, the position of the earth relative to the sun also varies slightly in the climate change. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuases and Effects of Global Warming on World Economy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cuases and Effects of Global Warming on World Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cuases and Effects of Global Warming on World Economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To some extent, the periodic movement of the earth can increase the radiation receipt at high northern latitudes especially during the summer time, which is regarded as one of the causations of the going-up temperature (Easterlies and Karl, 2008). While the natural causes take a hand in heating up the earth, the impact of human activities is undoubtedly the major cause of climate change. With a concentration on the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, it is primarily produced by fossil fuels combustion, deforestation and waste diapason. This type of gases is constantly trapping the heat from the sun in the atmosphere. Because of the industrialization, the level of carbon dioxide is 1 00 parts per million by volume compared to pre-industrialization, and is growing up at a rate of 1. 9 parts per million by volume every year (Easterlies and Karl, 2008). Assumed that there is no natural greenhouse effect, the average temperature of the earth should be under O degrees F instead of 57 degrees F now (ibid). Conceivably, the earth is continuously being heated up until it is no longer possible to jussive if no measure is taken. Many factors build up this human crisis, simultaneously, many consequences have been emerged by this crisis. With the focus on economy in the world, the climate change is the element being reckoned with in the following three fields: agriculture, the supply of energy and the cost of government. Agriculture is an industry directly affected by climate change. This particular industry is sensitive to climatic conditions especially the rainfall and the distribution of temperature. Closely related to the climate system, these conditions influenced by climate change makes a great difference to agricultural productivity. Due to a sudden change of the amount of fresh water come from the rainfall, the yield of rice and cotton in Peru decreased by 9% than before in 1983 following the El Onions event that is caused by climate change the year before (Houghton, 2007). However, the major effect on agriculture is not the damage of the unusual climatic condition change, but the statements in agricultural structure. Because of the movement of monsoon region and climate zones, different species change their the competitiveness within an ecosystem in order to suit the environment, which will lead to large change in the composition of ecosystem (ibid. ). As a result, the countries that are agriculture-based economy will change their economic structure and the proportion of import and export of goods. For developing countries with a weaker economic foundation, it is not only a chance but also a risk. Moreover, the climate change also has an effect on the energy supply. The original energy sources used for production and living, such as wood and coal, release a great amount of greenhouse gases when it is being burnt, and inevitably cause the aggravation of the climate. In order to avoid this from continuing new energy sources are explored and start to being used. Known as a kind of clean-air energy, the nuclear energy has greater value than any minds of fossil fuels. This type of power could still produce electricity constantly with less fuel and less pollution to the air when the original combatant eroding the earth (Parker, 2009). With the development of energy technology, it is believed that the new energy which isles harmful to the earth Will make great contribution to humans. Finally, the government plays an important role in protecting the climate. To prevent the climate from further change, every country has committed to environmental protection and invested a huge amount of money. From 1 990 to 2005, the government in each country with per capita GAP has invested ever 4600$ in reforestation in order to slow down climate change (Reuters, 2006). On the other hand, in Europe, the government gets economic benefits from the persevered forested land every year (ibid. ). According to this data, perhaps it is a hard job for many poor countries, but it is necessary for human-beings. In conclusion, result from numerous factors, climate change has a wide range effect on many aspects especially the global economy. But all in all, it does more harm than good. For the sake of preventing the planet that belongs to human, all measures souls be taken to protect the earth.

Combining Academic Knowledge and Practicality

Combining Academic Knowledge and Practicality The idea of social responsibility came from Adolph Ochs pledge when he bought the New York Times in 1896. It was a promise to â€Å"give the news impartially, without fear or favor, regardless of party, sect or interest involved†. The educational requirement of press and broadcasting profession in Europe in the 1930s was only high school degrees. The absence of formal education for journalist let to the creation of different schools for journalism such as the establishment of Turkey Two-Year Institute of Journalism in 1949. However, although there were about 500 students enrolled in the program, the initiative failed due to the lack of qualified lecturers. In 1965, UNESCO supported the establishment of Journalism and Communications Higher School in Ankara and gave French journalist Georges Pitoleff and four other students scholarships abroad. Since journalism involves giving importance to public interest and being aware of social problems, human rights, equality, and cultural diversity, the mission of ILEF is to combine knowledge with practical lives. This in practice is providing core and basic skills and developing students public interest and desire to make a better world. Journalism’s relationship with social structures and institutions made it a public interest in terms of ethics and social responsibility. For instance, investigative journalists were questioned regarding the ethical implications of their expose on people’s privacy. Journalists’ strong emphasis on freedom of the press and social responsibility often result to media framing, an enduring practice affecting people’s attitudes towards social issues such as crime, internet safety, and others. The Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds Public Interest and Press Freedom Public interest and limitations of press freedom are the practical aspects of journalism education. In reality, journalists are often interested in socially relevant issues transpiring in different sectors. Their work normally involves choosing between professional interest and social responsibility and therefore requires a morally sound journalist. Journalism is often praised when it is fair and socially responsible thus a good journalist follows the rules of their work and aware of society’s demands of journalism. The idea of social responsibility came from Adolph Ochs pledge when he bought the New York Times in 1896. It was a promise to â€Å"give the news impartially, without fear or favor, regardless of party, sect or interest involved†. The pledge was later on adopted by the journalism community that later developed the idea of â€Å"journalistic independence†. However, great responsibilities are often hard to fulfill, as journalism in practice is historically associated with horrifying practices such as fabrication in news stories, publishing of fake photographs, impersonation, racism, and others. Higher education help journalism students developed academic and practical skills necessary in professional and social responsible journalist. However, since journalism, in reality, involves professional interest, the practical aspects of journalism education should be given more emphasis particularly in the area of public interest and human dignity and privacy.

A rose for Emily research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A rose for Emily research paper - Essay Example The readers were told that Emily bought arsenic and that a strange odor appeared around the house for a few weeks and then disappeared. During the years Miss Emily isolated herself from the society in town and only after she dead did they discovered in a locked room the decomposed body of her alleged fiancà ©. The grey hair they found signified that Miss Emily had been laying near the dead body of her partner for years. Barnet et al. (1997) consider that we live in a world filled with symbolism. Symbols do not have a clear meaning and possesÃ'  a deep spiritual structure embedded in society and culture. Meanings intermingle with expressions and create ambiguities. Symbols are fragmented and present different pictures, evoke different senses and stand for different situations (Barnet et al). Every moment is written or spoken sign and in order to grasp its meaning we have to decode its symbols. The same is with stories and literature. They stand for past, present and future experiences which we have to carefully decipher. Many different interpretations can be represented in analyzing the social, economic and historical contexts of Faulkner’s short story. Fetterly (1999) justifies Faulkner’s use of the grotesque to describe his story. She proposes that one looks at the story from a feminist perspective. Then â€Å"one notices that the grotesque aspects of the story are a result of its violation of the expectations generated by the conventions of sexual politics (Fetterly 50).† Fetterly (1999) continues that the end shocks not only by the suggestion of necrophilia, but also by the fact that a woman is capable of committing a murder of a men. This story is not about the conflict between the old and the new, the change of social order, or the competition between the South and the North. This is a story of the sexual conflict below the surface (Fetterly). The locked rook found after Emily’s death is a mirror image of the world that

Ethical Dilema on Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Dilema on Abortion - Essay Example Numerous states in the United States of America have been locked into a fierce debate over the issue of abortion being legalized. However, disregarding the legality of this act, it is essential to focus on the morality of the issue as well. Abortion has many trade-offs that involve a variety of values including a sense of where people come from. While the use of the right to abort can be legalized, the legality of the issue does not hold as much weight since this requires the elimination of some form of human life. Instead, one also needs to focus on the â€Å"ethical dilemma on abortion† (Ethics Score Board). Before understanding the different theories that surround this moral debate, it is necessary that the definition of abortion be stated. The definition tends to include two meanings: to give premature birth before the fetus is able to form a life of its own, which may be because of a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion, and the other includes the woman’s terminatio n of a pregnancy intentionally. Various feminist and pro-choice groups often regard the intentional abortion as a choice that the woman in question can make for herself. The trend for abortion is on the rise, which includes a variety of reasons. Nevertheless, according to a famous philosopher, Judith Jarvis Thomson, every individual has a right to live, and this right is also extended to the fetus. Therefore, in a way abortion is taking away that right. However, what about the right of the woman to control her own body? Hence, this is a central debate (Butts and Rich 73). The paper, henceforth, addresses the various theories that consider abortion as something not morally permissible for a variety of reasons. Analysis of various theories is essential in order to defend this argument. The pro-life view, which is opposite to the pro-choice view (those who support that abortion is every woman’s reproductive right), puts much weight on the fact that the fetus should be understood as a human being. Such groups also state that life begins at the time of conception, which means that killing a living being is murder and morally impermissible. Unless there is harm to the life of the mother, the fetus needs protection. The pro-life view also includes a variety of religious scholars as well, who quote passages from the scriptures to put forth their argument of pro-life. In Exodus 21:12, the verse states that anyone who murders anyone else should also be put to death. The group also considers the abortion of fetus to be included in this, because fundamentally, the fetus has gained life. This is also illustrated in the verse from Luke 1:41 in the New Testament â€Å"the baby in my womb leaped for joy,† which sheds light on the idea that since the baby leaped, it is very much alive (Butts and Mirch 75). And this â€Å"right to live† is also supported by the philosophical stance of Immanuel Kant and the Divine Command Theory. When it comes to understandi ng moral and religious issues, Divine Command Theory is perhaps the best. According to Cowan and Spiegel, the divine command theory is able to â€Å"provide sufficiently clear moral direction and an adequate sense of duty† (qtd. In Dunstan). This theory considers abortion to be against religion and morality because God does not support it, which has been supported by the verses quoted above. Additionally, a situation from the biblical scripture Exodus 21:22-24 has also been analyzed to state that abortion is wrong. The situation included a woman suffering a miscarriage because of two men arguing. Although this was an abortion, the scripture condemns the loss of life because as Cowan and Spiegel say, â€Å"The life of an unborn child is as valuable as that of an adult,† according to Christian belief (qtd. in Dunstan). There are verses which illustrate that life was bestowed on the fetus from the moment of conception, and God has ordained the entire life of that unborn f etus. Therefore, these precious unborn babies also

Personal Impact Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Impact - Term Paper Example It is a condition where a patient suffers discomfort in emptying their bowels (defecation) and may include abdominal pain and loss of appetite (Rogers, 2011). The disorder typically occurs when the water from the food that the patient ate is absorbed too much by the colon. When the colon absorbs too much water from the food, it will dry up the bowel and consequently result to its slow movement in the digestive tract and thus the constipation disorder. Patients who are suffering from constipation may feel severe pain in the excretion of their bowels especially when the feces are very hard. In extreme cases, it is not only the feces that cannot pass out of the rectum but also the gas that makes the disorder an obstipation (Medical News Today, 2009) In most cases, constipation is caused by the colon’s too much absorption of water from the food. In the case of children however, many of the children’s constipation is caused by functional or idiopathic problem (if the disorder cannot be explained by anatomical or physiological abnormalities) which is more psychological than biological. Unlike in adults whose disorder is primarily caused by their unhealthy eating patterns and lifestyle and mainly physiological in origin, the contributing factors that causes constipation in children can include psychological issues, difficulty in their toilet training and even heredity (Rogers, 2011). In addition to children, old people are also prone to constipation. It is because age related changes in the patient’s body can affect the gastrointestinal tract that would hamper their regular bowel movement though studies were not conclusive that older people are more likely to be affected by constipation than younger people (Woodward, 2012). The report of Medical News Today hypothesized that the reduction of the speed of an old patient’s metabolism may be the reason why older people get constipated which is typically a result of a

Scotch whisky research institute

Scotch whisky research institute INDUSTRIAL CASE STUDY REPORT SCOTCH WHISKY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SWRI) INTRODUCTION The Scotch Whisky Research Institute (SWRI) is a registered company in Scotland which serves the needs of distillery companies in Scotland and also worldwide. It is situated in the Robertson Trust building of Heriot Watt Universitys north research avenue campus at Riccorton, Edinburgh. It is a much focussed research organisation which helps various companies associated with it in Whisky research. It carries out research right from raw material to bottling of whisky, which includes every step in the manufacturing process. It was started by some Scotch whisky companies in 1979 with a common interest to carry out research based on the Scotch whisky. Primarily it was started by Jim Gray, Eric Dewar and Jim Swan. Scotch whisky has its unique reputation worldwide, basically due to its quality and flavour. But there was a lot to know about the manufacturing process, chemical/biological conversions taking place in the process. Whisky companies at that time recognised the need of enough research to be done in this area and also on identifying the flavours of whisky, and this is the reason why they required a common platform and hence established SWRI. It is a charity registered in Scotland which does research only for the benefits of the distillery industries. At SWRI, a wheel named Pentland Wheel was developed which is basically used to describe various flavour and aroma of whisky in a descriptive manner. Today all the Scotch whisky companies protect their unique identity in the market by producing the exact typical flavour which the customer likes. Hence flavour plays an important role for a whisky to sustain the competition in the market. This institutes main aim is to preserve the good wheel of Scotch whisky by developing techniques to identify the originality of whisky to be called as a scotch whisky, thus eliminating the imitating spirit products in the market which may affect the entire Scotch whisky industry. BUSINESS ASPECTS Scotch Whisky Research Institute (SWRI) is a UKAS 1960 accredited laboratory which ensures customers of good quality results. It is basically an RD organisation. It has members from various countries around the world. Some of the companies associated with it are Chivas Brothers (France), Diageo (UK), Glenmorangie (France), Inverhouse (Thailand), Morrison Bowmore (Japan), Whyte Mackey (India), Bean Global (USA), Dranburie (Scotland), Ian Macleod (Scotland), North British Distillers (Scotland), John Dewar sons (Bermuda), Edrington (Scotland), WM Grant Sons (Scotland), etc. It also got knowledge transfer partnerships with universities like Heriot-Watt University, University of Birmingham, University of Nottingham, University of Abertay Dundee and Institutes like The Scotch Whisky Association, Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), Brewing Research International (BRI), The Gin and Vodka Association (GVA), Institute of Brewing and Distilling (IBD), John Innes Centre, Food Standards Agency (FSA) etc. At present it has got around 24 full time employees. They work under four different groups, namely Executive Board, Main board, Research Management Committee and Technical Liasion Group. These divisions in turn accounts for the systematic and organised work in the research institute. SWRI addresses longer term technical issues to ensure distilling sustainability. It has a thoroughly trained sensory panel of 19 members, who are experienced in a range of spirit products. These sensory panel members carry out the sensory analysis of various whisky products. Is has UKAS (ISO-17025) accreditation for key methods used in the analysis and research process. Its research work is carried out in areas like Authenticity analysis, Flavour understanding, Linking Chemical Sensory profiles etc. It concentrates on the quality of the Scotch whisky and tries to make the production process much easier and economical to the manufacturers. Scotch whisky is the largest category of whisky sold in the world. It is sold in over 200 countries worldwide. The top ten countries which exported Scotch whisky from Scotland in 2008 were USA, France, Spain, Singapore, South Korea, Greece, Germany, South Africa, Taiwan, and Venezuela respectively. Also there is great demand for Scotch whisky in countries like India, China various gulf countries. In 2008, 300,475,617 litres of Scotch whisky has been exported. This equates to  £ 3,027,303,874 in value of business. It means that approximately 25% of UK food drink exports is only through scotch whisky. This tells us the demand of the product in the world market. Hence SWRI tries to monitor and save the whole whisky market of Scotland and world too. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES The research activities carried out by SWRI can be grouped under following categories: RAW MATERIALS Various research activities are carried out on the raw materials used in the whisky making like Barley, Wheat, Cereals, Starch, and Yeast etc. Genetics of all these raw materials are studied and also there is research work going on the action of Endogenous enzymes produced from raw materials during processing. PROCESSING The process of fermentation and distillation are studied in depth at SWRI and the whole whisky making process is made easier by implementing best methods and materials in the process. There is also very much interest about the flavour/Sensory aspects of the whisky and hence regularly the sensory characteristics of different whiskies are studied in detail at SWRI and work is going on to obtain best flavour for whisky. Apart from the above research, various areas like Maturation, Product Protection, Technical Support, Sustainability etc are also studied a lot at SWRI and appropriate research is carried out to protect the originality of Scotch whisky and to improve the whole whisky making process. ANALYTICAL EXPERTISE A range of analytical techniques specific methods are developed for whisky other spirits. Its research work include Authentic analysis Flavour understanding Linking chemical and sensory profiles Research is carried out on the Maturation Warehousing process as well so as to decrease the amount of alcohol loss during maturation in Oak casks. SWRI is also very keen in improving both the Malt and Grain whisky process on the whole by developing perfect methods and materials to get optimum results. Minimum alcoholic strength of the whisky must be 40% and has to be made from, processed and matured for at least 3 years in the Scotland in order to be called it as a Scotch whisky. The pot still design is very important in Grain Malt whisky process because it ultimately affects the final product by contributing to the flavour of the whisky. CONCLUSION Scotch whisky has a very good reputation worldwide for its taste and quality that it offers and hence there is a need to protect its brand image. There is also very much need for the Scotch whisky to sustain in a market where various duplicates to the Scotch whisky are constantly made. There is a need to identify the originality of Scotch whisky, thereby eliminating the duplicate ones. Also attention must be paid to increase the production level and to maintain a low product making selling cost in order to meet the ever growing demand to the Scotch whisky worldwide. Use of the genetically engineered strains of yeast for the fast and enhanced fermentation without altering the metabolic reactions must be considered in future for efficient whisky production. Amount of alcohol lost during maturation in casks must be eliminated by changing the cask design and environmental conditions at storage. Finally I think it is the duty of SWRI and Scottish government to protect the name and fame o f scotch whisky in the world market and also to improve the process technically and economically to sustain in the future global market in which scotch whisky has got some billions of pounds business to make. REFERENCES Scotch Whisky Research Institute [online]. Available from www.swri.co.uk [accessed 05 January 2010] Presentation by James Brosnan (research manager) at SWRI on 21 October 2009.

Essay on Mother as Villain and Victim in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club

Mother as Villain and Victim in Joy Luck Club      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan focuses on several mother-daughter relationships. One of the relationships explored is that between an immigrant Chinese mother and her American born daughter Jing-mei.   The mother expects Jing-mei to be a prodigy child - while pursuing this dream she unintentionally creates a serious conflict between her and her daughter.    To fulfill her unrealistic expectations, the mother pushes Jing-mei to be the best in anything and everything. At first, the reader may perceive the mother as the villain in the story; however, the mother just wants her daughter to have the life that she never had. Jing-mei does not understand her intentions.    Jing-mei's mother thought opportunity was everywhere in America, "America was where all my mother's hopes lay" (Tan 1208). The mother lost everything when she moved from China to San Francisco in 1949. In China she lost her family, her spouse, and she had to abandon her twin baby girls (Tan 1208). This implies that her mother had a difficult life and wanted to start a new life in America.    Unfamiliar with the customs of America, she had been brought up in a strict Chinese culture. Her mother probably raised her the same way, and therefore, that is where she learned her parenting skills. The Chinese life is strict, more so than the American life, and that was the only way the mother knew how to raise her daughter. The mother seemed to be the villain in the story, but she was only trying to be the caring parent the best way she knew how. She only wanted her daughter to be the best, but a conflict started when the daughter failed to meet her expectations.    In the beginning Jing-mei, th... ...he wanted to see her daughter become something better than what she had become. Instead of encouraging her daughter to become someone who she wanted to be, she ends up pushing her in the wrong direction. I think that Jing-mei finally realized why her mother did what she did. I agree with Ghymn when she states that "Jing-mei does care deeply what her mother thinks of her" (84). It is obvious that even though they were two kinds from two different cultures they still found forgiveness in the end.    Work Cited Souris, Stephen. "'Only Two Kinds of Daughters:'" Inter-Monologue Dialogicity in The Joy Luck Club." Melus 19.2 (Summer 1994):99-123. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York: A Division of Random House, Inc. 1993. Willard, Nancy. Asian American Women Writers. Ed. Harold Bloom. Chelsea House Publishers, Philadelphia 1997.

Issues and Traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay

Religion takes on many different forms and there are several definitions in as many languages used to describe the practices. For the purposes of this paper, the following basic definition will be used. Religion is the belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. Also, a personal or institutionalized system grounded in such belief and worship (Company, 2000). This paper will examine three major religions of today: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. An attempt will be made to identify the top two current issues each religion faces as well as look at two sacred traditions and study the significance and major characteristics of each. Judaism Judaism is monotheistic in nature and has been described as a religion, a race, a culture, and a nation. All of these descriptions have some validity to them but Judaism is best described by some as an extended family (Rich, 2006). This extended family consists of four movements Reform, Conservative, Orthodox, and Reconstructionist. All of which, still find themselves victims of discrimination known as anti-Semitism which is based on stereotypes and myths and often invokes the belief that Jews have extraordinary influence with which they conspire to harm or control society. For those Jews living in the Middle East there is also the very real danger and threats from a powerful country possibly in possession of nuclear weapons. The president of Iran threatened them publicly with annihilation. Discrimination and threats of violence Jews are a very real part of Jewish life but there are just as many positive popular time honored traditions that exists still today. One of which is the wedding tradition. The tradition begins with the husband signing a Ketabuh, the groom’s marital contractual obligation to the bride. The groom is then led to the Chuppah, a tarp this symbolizes their future home together. The bride is led in with singing and dances and then she circles the groom seven and comes to stand to the right of him. After several additional steps the marriage is blessed and ends in a wedding feast. Another Jewish tradition performed prior to Yom Kippur is called the ceremony of kapparot. The practice was first discussed at the beginning of the ninth century. It was believed that the sins of an individual could be transferred to a fowl, a rooster for men and a hen for women. The fowl was to be held over the head and swung in a circle three times while the following was spoken: â€Å"This is my exchange, my substitute, my atonement; this rooster (or hen) shall go to its death, but I shall go to a good, long life, and to peace. † (Schwartz, 2009) The fowl was then donated to the poor and hoped to take on any misfortune that might have occurred to the one who took part in the ritual. The primary sacred text used by the Jews is the Torah. Christianity is currently noted to be the largest religion in the world today, with around two billion followers. Christian beliefs center on the life, death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ as the son of God. Jesus’ teachings focused on the kingdom of God, love of God, and love of one another. Today there are many different views his teachings and the meaning of some forms of love. One of the most controversial topics in the faith today is that of practicing homosexuality. The Christian bible stems from the Jewish sacred text which banned homosexuality of any kind. The bible even talks of God destroying two cities over homosexual behavior (Clark, 2009). Today many leaders condone the behavior and some are even practicing it themselves. While homosexuality may serve as a religious divider here in the U. S. , persecution is served cold as a divisionary disabling tactic abroad. It is the number one issue facing many Christians today, outright discrimination as in the case with Jews as mentioned earlier. In countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan, China, Saudi Arabia, and others Christians are being martyred because of their refusal to denounce Christianity. Everyday there are approximately 465 people killed because they will not give up their faith in Jesus (Dearmore, 2009). Most Christians in the U. S. attend a church service of some kind one to three times a week. This is a time honored tradition, just as the wedding tradition is in Judaism. The reason behind this is to participate in a time of fellowship with one another. Normally, the tradition includes worship service, private and corporate prayer, the study and reading of scriptures, and collection of tithes and offerings. There is also the coming together for celebration of special holidays. The most important Christian holiday is Easter, the celebration of the resurrection of Christ and Christmas the celebration of his birth. Christian practices differ by denomination. Easter is a central theme for most if not all denominations. The origin of the word â€Å"Easter† is not certain but it was probably derived from Estre, an Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring (Dreamweaver, 2009). It is a celebration of the central event of the Christian faith, the belief that Jesus rose from the dead on the third day following his death and burial. It is the oldest Christian holiday and the most important day of the church year. There is evidence that the resurrection used to be celebrated every Sunday until some point in the first two centuries when it was agreed to move it to once a year. The sacred text of Christianity is the Bible. Islam The Islamic religion is monotheistic in nature; they follow one God named Allah. The primary meaning of Islam is peace and the prime message is the Unity of God. Islam identifies Jesus and John the Baptist as prophets. They also believe that there will be no other prophet after the prophet Muhammad. One of the primary concerns facing the Muslim community still today is retribution after the terrorists’ attacks of 11 Sept 2001. Many Islamic followers faced discrimination on all fronts because of the fear of their culture and religious stereotyping (Clark, 2009). The attacks on American soil left a scary imprint of terror in the minds and hearts of many. The media portrayal added fuel to the fire and did nothing to ease the tensions caused by the scary pictures of death left behind. Unfortunately, there is also the fight with fundamentalist ideology and division among their own religious sects. Some groups are teaching others to hate Jews, Christians, and Americans as well as others. In the midst of this hate is a tradition of peace and goodwill towards others. One of the most important traditions is the observance of the Five Pillars of Islam. This involves witnessing to the fact that there is none worthy of worship except Allah. The second pillar is Salat, facing toward Mecca, the Holy Land of Muhammad, five times a day and kneeling in prayer. The third pillar is Alms giving, which encompasses giving charitably to other Muslims. The fourth is the performance of a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. Last is to observe fasting during Ramadan. Muslims normally worship in Mosque; they kneel prostrate on small prayer rugs. The rugs may look to be small oriental carpets. Muslims kneel as a sign of humility before God. There is only one requirement that the place of prayer be clean. The rug is approximately one meter in length just long enough for an adult to fit on comfortably. When prayer time comes the rug is placed on the ground with the top pointed in the direction of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. After prayer the rug is immediately folded and put away until next time. The Arabic word for a prayer rug is â€Å"sajada,† which comes from the same root word (SJD) as â€Å"masjed† (mosque) and â€Å"sujud† (prostration) (Huda, What are prayer rugs, and how are they used by Muslims? ). This paper discussed three major religions of today and two current issues that they face. It also examined the characteristics of some of their valued traditions. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have one central theme in common besides the discrimination they all endure; they are all monotheistic in nature. They all believe in their own sacred text, their own version of truth. References http://islam.about.com/od/prayer/f/prayer_rugs.htm http://www.jewfaq.org/judaism.htm http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/kapparot.html

Dionysos

Dionysos was the most widely worshipped and popular god in ancient Greece. In Greek mythology Dionysos had two sides. On one side he was the god of nature, vegetation, abundance, and growth. On the other he was the god of wine and ecstatic drunkenness. Dionysos was also known as a lawgiver and a god of emotionally intense tragic art. Dionysos wore a grape or ivy wreathe, and in most cases he is seen holding the Kantheros, a two-handled wine cup, and the Thyrsus, his wand.1 The Thyrsus has a pine- cone on top of it, which represents Dionysoss naturalistic and wild side. A leopard also accompanies him in most Greek mythology, and also represents the wild and dangerous side of Dionysos. Dionysos is wild and scraggly at first, with long hair and a beard; later he became young and clean-shaven .In later Roman myth and art Dionysos is again bearded, but now is an older figure, calm and collected. Also he has no kantheros, no thrysus, and no leopard by his side. Although Roman art presents Dionysos this calm way, Roman Mythology does not describe him as th! The reason this discrepancy between Roman and Greek myths is accepted is because the worship of Roman Gods was much different than that of ancient Greece. Since the object of Roman worship was to secure the cooperation of the deities, an elaborate system of rites and customs grew up. This Roman worship was based on a diversity of original cults. Rome was also outstanding for tolerating different religions and beliefs- so long as they did not threaten state control.1 This allowed for much change to take place through out all of Rome, especially in worship of controversial religious ideas. Roman art was closely modeled on Hellenistic Greek art. Many great works of Greek sculpture representing the Gods have survived only as Roman copies. Early Roman representations of the gods tended to stress the fact that they were super- humans with the best of human phys

Apple vs Microsoft Research Paper Example

Apple vs Microsoft Research Paper Example Apple vs Microsoft Paper Apple vs Microsoft Paper Bryant Ri’chard 11-22-2010 Sheri Easton-Long 6 P. M. Apple vs. Microsoft Apple (formerly known as Macintosh) and Microsoft, without a doubt, produce the largest operating systems in the world OS X Lion and Windows 7. With Apple bringing in $20 billion and $4billion in profit, and Microsoft bringing in $62. 48 billion and $18. 76 billion in profit, there’s no doubt that these two super giants are going down anytime soon. Even though they are both huge companies that relatively offer the same products, they have their differences. In 1975, a man named William â€Å"Bill† Gates started the company know as Microsoft through his interest of business and managing people. Ever since his early education, he became very competitive and driven to be on top with his company which led him to his rise to fame and unimaginable wealth. When Microsoft started, they were specializing in programming and software. Whereas when Apple started in 1976 by two men named Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, they designed circuit boards for the next generation of computers. This led to the invention of the first ever home computer with a GUI (Graphical User Interface) the Apple Lisa. Even thought these two companies got very different starts, they have one major thing in common that makes these companies boom; and that are their Operating Systems. Microsoft’s first operating system was known as MS-DOS (MicroSoft- Disk Operating System). This system was broken down to the very basics of executing basic processes of a computer. Same was with the first Macintosh operating system named MacOS. Both systems were the main kickoff for the biggest rivalry in the computer world. With both companies striving to be on top in innovation and quality, the both have come up with rivalry tools to be the king of computers. Both of these companies have come a long way over the years. With Microsoft’s operating system being Windows 7 and Apples being OS X Lion, both systems have their perks depending on which industry they are used in. Apple has always been a simple company out to make computers easy for everyone to use without offering 3rd party applications and programs. With this, OS X (all versions) has taken the lead in being the best system for anyone into music, graphic design, art, or any kind of creativity program. Most software companies go to sell the license to apple first due to the demand of the industry. While Windows 7 still offers the same features, they have their own perks such as a wider variety of user friendly programs. Windows 7 offers more along the lines of students and businesses. This is because the company has always been ran on business since the beginning. The biggest contender/similarity/rivalry is between the Apple iPod and Microsoft Zune. The first ever iPod model released in October 23, 2001 was called the iPod First Generation. This device had 5 buttons on the front along with a screen. It came in quantities of 5-10 gigs of memory with a 10 hour battery life and could only play music. But now today, the iPod has almost completely ditched the buttons and most of today’s Apple iPods are majority touch screens. Apples biggest selling iPod is the newest to the family, the iPod Touch 4th Generation. There aren’t many things that this iPod can’t do; it can download and play applications for everyday life or entertainment and games just to pass time, it’s almost a modern day cell phone without the phone. Every September, Apple does the best they can to innovate and evolve their line of iPods so that it’s able to rein king of the Mp3/Video/Entertainment device. The Microsoft Zune, released in 2006, is Microsoft’s response to the booming success of the iPod. When released, the Zune was very unheard of due to its size and not very big release; people didn’t realize that it was a Microsoft product. But, at the time, the Zune had one major feature that the iPod lacked; that feature was the ability to wirelessly share music with anyone else with a Zune. This was made possible by the innovation of Bluetooth; the users would sync together via Bluetooth and select which files to share with their friends. But eventually over the years, the Zune has also migrated to touch screen, but unlike Apple; Microsoft only sells one model of Zune in various memory capacities and colors whereas Apple sells 5 different kinds of iPod models all in different capacities and colors. Another big market these companies have exploded into is the Cellphone operating system world. Microsoft has the Windows phone. Windows phone is almost the exact computer operating system into a phone. These phones are made by many different manufactures, such as HTC, Samsung, and Motorola just to name a few. The latest form of Windows phone operating system is called Windows Phone 7; designed to keep the business man up to date in email and edit his documents on the go. The system also allows him to browse the web in his spare time. The advantage of having a phone ran on Windows Phone 7 is that you can visit websites that operate on Adobe Flash player which allows you to watch videos and animations on a websites page. Apples answer to phones ran on Windows was the iPhone. The iPhone is manufactured by Apple for Apple. This phone does almost anything you can imagine and is broken down to be very simple as Apple always strives for. This phone is best for any audience really, it allows the user to download apps and games out of the app store or even access the iTunes store to download music on the go. But the big feature offered by Windows that causes major controversy among the iPhone is the lack of the Flash Player. Most people don’t realize it, but most of the sites we use today all run on flash; and with Apple not offering in on the iPhone, users are getting a very stripped down view of the site, or for some sites, no views at all. Apple (formerly known as Macintosh) and Microsoft, without a doubt, produce the largest operating systems in the world OS X Lion and Windows 7. With Apple bringing in $20 billion and $4billion in profit, and Microsoft bringing in $62. 48 billion and $18. 76 billion in profit, there’s no doubt that these two super giants are going down anytime soon. Even though they are both huge companies that relatively offer the same products, they have their differences. With Apple being the simple and clean company and Microsoft being the business giant, these two companies will always continue to fight to be on top in the world of electronics; partnering up with faster processors such as Intel and AMD or manufactures like Sony, Samsung, or Asus or hundreds more. Bellis, Mary. The History of Apple Computers.   Inventors. Web. 21 Nov. 2010. http://inventors. about. com/od/cstartinventions/a/Apple_Computers. htmgt; Lion, Marc. How Microsoft Started Marc Liron Microsoft MVP.   Windows XP Update Website Tips News and Secrets! Web. 21 Nov. 2010. updatexp. com/how-microsoft-started. htmlgt; Siegler, M. G. Apple Q4: $20B Revenue, $4B Profits, 3. 89M Macs, 14. 1M IPhones, 4. 19M IPads - All New Records. TechCrunch. 18 Oct. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010.   http://techcrunch. com/2010/10/18/apple-q4-2010-earnings/; Team, Rapid R. Fast Facts About Microsoft.   Facts About Microsoft. 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2010.

Radiation and Cancer or Causes of Cancer Research Paper

Radiation and Cancer or Causes of Cancer - Research Paper Example Acquired or hereditary abnormalities in the regulatory genes cause development of cancer. However, only 5-10% of cancer is hereditary. Cancer may be detected from symptoms or radiology findings. Definitive cancer diagnosis however requires a biopsy specimen for microscopic examination. Today, many types of cancer can be treated through radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. The extent of the disease and type of cancer commonly influence prognosis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2010), cancer accounted for about 13% (7.9) million deaths worldwide in 2007 alone. With changes in lifestyles as the world develops and changes that occur due to old age, cases of cancer are fast increasing which means that the disease will continue to claim more lives with time (WHO, 2010). Causes of Cancer Chemical and Physical agents Environmental factors accounts for about 90-95% causes of cancer according to Jemal, (2011). Chemicals are the main causes of cancer. Pathogenesis of canc er can be traced back to mutations of DNA that cause metastasis and cell growth. Mutagens are substances that cause mutations of DNA. Tobacco smoking accounts for 25-30% of cancer and is also associated with many forms of cancer. It also causes about 89% of cancer of the lungs. Alcohol is a chemical carcinogen which is not a mutagen whereas tobacco is both a carcinogen and a mutagen. In Western Europe, alcohol causes 10% and 3% of cancers in males and females respectively (Jemal, 2011). Sasco, (2004) observes that in every three deaths of cancer, tobacco accounts for one death in economically developed nations, and about one for every five in the entire world. In spite of these facts, smoking rates are fast increasing world wide leading to the â€Å"tobacco epidemic† as some organizations describe it. Physical agents also cause cancer through their physical effects on cell. For example, prolonged exposure to mineral fibers and asbestos are major causes of cancer. Physical car cinogens must get into the body and one has to be exposed for years for cancer to develop. Diet and Lack of Physical Exercises Poor diet and lack of physical exercise is another cause of cancer, accounting for approximately 30% of cancer cases. In the US, excessive body weight is believed to develop many forms of cancer and accounts for 14-20% of cancer deaths (WHO, 2010). WHO also notes that lack of physical activities also increases body weight besides negatively affecting endocrine production and the body’s immune system. Diets that lack whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and those rich in red meat and highly processed foods are also linked to cancer. A diet high in salt causes gastric cancer while aflatoxin B1 causes liver cancer. The high risk of immigrants developing cancer in relation to the risk in their new country shows the relationship between diet and cancer according to WHO (2010). Infections It is estimated that about 18% of worldwide cancers are caused by inf ectious diseases (WHO, 2010). This proportion varies with the part of the world. For example, WHO estimates that 25% of cancer cases in developing nations and 10% in developed nations are caused by infections. Cancer is normally caused by viruses, bacteria and other pathogen or infectious agents. Cancers that are caused by viruses include (oncovirus) cervical carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and T-cell leukemia among

Utilitarianism view on a dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Utilitarianism view on a dilemma - Essay Example If we have chosen the option A and it has a great number of happy consequences as compare to option B, then the decision will be perfect. That all depends upon the great number of goodness. The ethical dilemma, which we have given, is a critical one. According to this dilemma, if a ship is sinking and there is only one life boat on the ship. The life boat has the capacity of only ten people but there are thirty people stranded in the sinking ship. The captain has two options for the utility of the life boat. One is to kill twenty people and save the rest of ten people in the life boat. On the other hand, he may let all them to die on a natural death and thus no one would be killed. In this situation, the dilemma is not of great number of goodness rather it can be explained using the lesser number of sorrow, pain or sadness while selecting anyone option. In this situation, the captain has no choice of having great number of goodness rather he can select only the option where he may have less sorrow over the consequences. If he selects the option of saving ten people on the utility of the life boat then there will be happiness that at least he has saved some people from the danger of death. In this option, he can fully utilize the opportunity of the utility of life boat. However, the dark side of this decision is the killing of more than ten people. This means that if he is saving ten people from death then on the other he is pushing twenty people to towards the death. Here in this situation the number of happiness is less as compare to the number of sorrow or the number of pain. We can say that under the umbrella of utilitarianism, the captain might not go with this decision that he can save ten people while pushing twenty other people to the death. The captain has another second option to adopt for the people. He may not kill any person in the sinking ship rather they may die their natural death. This means that he does not